House prices have risen by an eye-watering 45 percent, and rents by 17 percent, across the EU since 2010, the latest figures released by the EU statistical office Eurostat reveal.
However, there are major differences among countries. In Austria, house prices have more than doubled and rents have increased by 45 percent compared to over a decade ago. In other countries, they have stalled or declined over the same period.
Greece is a notable example, with prices plummeting by 23 percent and rents by 25 percent between 2010 and 2021.
In Italy, house prices have fallen over overall since 2010 although like much of the EU they have been rising again in recent years. Rent prices in Italy have registered only a modest increase, while Spain has recorded very small rises in both rents and house prices.
Here is the situation in the countries covered by The Local, according to Eurostat.
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Between 2010 and the first quarter of 2022, house prices have more than doubled in Austria (+114 percent) and have grown even more in Estonia, Hungary, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic, Latvia and Lithuania.
READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: What you need to know about buying property in Germany
In Germany, house prices shot up by a hefty 94 percent, in Sweden by 92 percent and in Norway by 91 percent.
Denmark (59 percent) and France (29 percent) also recorded double-digit growth.
Spain was the country with the smallest rise, 3 percent, among those countries covered by The Local.
Over the same period, prices have declined in Italy (-10 percent), Cyprus (-8 percent) and Greece (-23 percent).
READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: The hidden costs of buying a home in Italy
According to Italian real estate agency Tecnocasa, house prices in the country are now 29 percent lower than in 2010, even though a slow upward trend started in 2017. Only Milan bucks the trend, with an 8.5 percent increase between 2010 and 2021.
The reasons behind these data, according to Fabiana Migliola, director of Tecnocasa’s research unit, are dwindling salaries and low capital availability, with most buyers being able to afford properties of up to €250,000.
“Of course, a modest growth of real estate and lower prices compared to many other countries inside and outside of Europe make our country attractive to investors,” Migliola said. “This is a phenomenon we have recorded above all in the holiday home market, as 2021 signalled an increase in the number of holiday homes purchased by foreign buyers, especially from the US, France and Eastern Europe.”
2022 could be a year of adjustment, she continued, but rising interest rates could have an impact on buyers who finance their home purchases with a mortgage.
Looking at prices, the agency forecasts a recovery with a rise between 2 and 4 percent, with high demand currently from Italians.
Austria has seen the highest average rent increase over the last 12 years. (Photo: Tobias SCHWARZ / AFP)
Where is it cheaper to rent?
Rents have not risen quite as much as house prices, but they have risen steadily since 2010.
Between 2010 and 2022, rent increased by 17 percent on average across the EU. The highest growth among the countries covered by The Local was in Austria, with a whopping 45 percent rise. Denmark (21 percent), Sweden (21 percent), Germany (17 percent) and Switzerland (10 percent) also experienced a double-digit rise.
READ ALSO: Property: How to find a rental flat when you arrive in Austria
Increases were more modest in Italy (7 percent), Spain (5 percent) and France (8 percent).
The highest growth was in Estonia (177 percent), Lithuania (127 percent) and Ireland (77 percent).
On the other hand, in Greece, rents decreased by a quarter over the period, and Cyprus recorded a -1 percent.
The problem of affordability
While average increase rates only give a partial picture of the real estate market, an additional indicator cited by Eurostat is the housing cost overburden rate, the percentage of people spending 40 percent or more of their disposable income on housing.
READ ALSO: 5 of the most affordable places to buy property in France
Despite its plummeting house prices and rents, Greece had the highest rate in 2020, with one in three people (33.3 percent) spending 40 percent or more of their income on housing.
Other European countries with a high-cost overburden rate are Denmark (14 percent) and Switzerland (14 percent).
Just below the 10 percent line stand Norway and Germany (9 percent), Spain (8 percent), Sweden (8 percent) and Italy (7 percent).
Despite the significant rise, Austria has a relatively low-cost overburden rate, at 6 percent.
How has Brexit impacted British buyers?
For British citizens, Brexit may have added difficulties to the purchase of properties in EU locations. Countries such as Austria have specific restrictions for non-EU citizens and where there are no restrictions, higher taxes and new immigration rules may result in fewer British buyers entering the market.
In Spain, it was reported this week that purchases by British residents, which used to make up almost a quarter of all transactions (24 percent), now only account for 12 percent.
However, a recent survey among 900 British buyers found that only 4 percent had given up plans to purchase a property abroad due to the difficulties caused by Brexit and the Covid-19 pandemic. Some 11 percent went ahead as planned last year and 85 percent are still planning to buy.
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This article is published in cooperation with Europe Street News, a news outlet about citizens’ rights in the EU and the UK.