Employees must wait till nicely into 2025 earlier than their most authorized hours – the restrict after which working hours are thought of time beyond regulation – drops from the present 40 hours per week on an annual foundation. And that’s so long as the maneuver goes nicely. within the extremesa couple of days earlier than the tip of the yr, from the vp and Minister of Labor, Yolanda Díaz, and the union leaders of the Workers’ Commissions (CCOO), Unai Sordo, and the General Union of Workers (UGT). The ministry and the facilities sealed an settlement on Friday to scale back the working day to 37.5 hours and not using a wage discount. According to the textual content, which requires the approval of Congress and can probably bear modifications throughout parliamentary processing, all firms ought to apply it earlier than December 31, 2025. In sectors with longer working hours that is anticipated “like water in May,” he factors out. Jesús Lillo, a veteran within the resort sector at 50 years previous. But there may be additionally skepticism after months of negotiations which have ended with the withdrawal of the employers’ affiliation and with a textual content that at the moment doesn’t have assured parliamentary help.
Although the utmost authorized working day has not modified in Spain in 4 many years, collective bargaining has achieved reductions relying on the sector or firm. That is, employers and unions have agreed on extraordinary working hours decrease than the utmost in varied collective agreements. This is mirrored by statistics from the Ministry of Labor, which locations the weekly common at 38.3 hours by 2023. In that sense, all sectors have agreed common working hours under 40 hours, though some are near the restrict. Such is the case of home employment (39.9 hours), adopted by hospitality and knowledge and communication, each with 39.3 hours.
The second of them belongs to Lillo, who has been working in a resort within the Barrio de Las Letras, in Madrid, for nearly a decade and a half. With an depth of 40 hours every week, he covers the evening shift and earns a month-to-month wage of 1,900 euros. “I see the reduction as very favorable; I want to have more time to share with my family,” he says. And as a UGT union consultant within the resort chain the place he works, he emphasizes that this isn’t simply his want: “Every day my co-workers ask me if I know how the negotiations are progressing,” he emphasizes. However, he admits “many doubts” concerning the success of the measure. “When political interests get involved, with the experience I have, I don’t have the feeling that I will succeed.” And then there are the sensible points, as a result of though he would really like nothing greater than to implement the discount of working hours, he remembers that for higher and for worse “hotels never sleep.”
The modification promoted by the minority accomplice of the coalition authorities not solely aspires to a discount of two and a half hours per week, but additionally to toughen sanctions on firms that violate this measure, to develop the regulation of the fitting to digital disconnection and to ensure that the best way by which firms file staff’ each day hours is dependable, traceable and accessible.
Sebastián Marcano Salazar, a 22-year-old Venezuelan employee, agrees with this final proposal. “If you are forced to reduce your working hours, you must keep stricter records.” Marcano is learning waiter and repair administration, and works 40 hours every week in a bar close to Atocha. His schedule, he says, adjustments based on the wants of the premises, which additional complicates an already precarious steadiness: that of labor and coaching. That is why the younger man acknowledges that working fewer hours would improve the well-being of workers, and believes that, personally, “it would help me provide better quality service to clients.”
The measure “has impact” within the commerce sector
It is not any coincidence that sectors with longer agreed working hours are additionally characterised by having precarious working circumstances, with unpredictable hours unfold all through the day and decrease salaries. According to the statistics of registered agreements, two extra sectors are added to the three sectors talked about above that exceed 39 hours per week on common: agriculture and commerce.
Beatriz A., 45 years previous, is aware of the latter nicely. She has spent virtually half her life as a retailer supervisor and asks to not give her final identify in order to not be recognized. He assures that the information of the discount in working hours “has had an impact” within the sector, however he has doubts about its materialization: “In the world of retail [comercio] Partial contracts predominate because there is a lot of work during some periods such as Black Friday, but also totally dead periods,” he describes.
His contract is for 40 hours per week with out time beyond regulation, however he reviews that part-time staff normally work, on common, 30% greater than what was agreed: “There is a lot of extension and a general deregulation of schedules. It is difficult to balance work with personal life.” However, regardless of skepticism, he assures that given the hardness of some duties, the discount within the working day brings hope of not ending the times with a lot fatigue: “It is a physical job, there is a lot of handling of merchandise,” he explains.
For the team of workers with part-time contracts, the settlement signed by Labor and the unions additionally gives for enhancements. These workers could have the fitting to proceed working the identical hours that they have been working earlier than the legislation comes into drive and, due to this fact, their proportion of efficient time labored can be higher over 37.5 hours than over 40 hours. Therefore, they are going to be entitled to a proportional improve of their wage if the authorized change goes forward as deliberate.
“The field has no schedule”
If in hospitality or commerce shortening working time is seen as tough, in agriculture it’s perceived as one thing inconceivable, as highlighted by the secretary of COAG (Coordinator of Farmers and Livestock Organizations) in Castilla-La-Mancha, Andrés Gálvez. “Honestly, there are no expectations regarding the reduction of hours in the primary sector. Even though the law establishes it, we cannot work 6 or 8 hours a day, because livestock and crops are our requirement,” says this producer born 72 years in the past in Carrascosa de Henares (Guadalajara).
For Salamanca farmer José Manuel Cortés, 54, an added impediment is that almost all of staff within the sector are self-employed, which is why they won’t profit from the discount in working hours. Cortés estimates that he spends greater than 2,800 hours behind the wheel of his tractor every year, to that are added 300 hours of machine upkeep. This offers a median of 54 hours per week, 16.5 hours greater than the utmost working day that the Ministry of Labor and the primary unions need to set.
The pact to reform the Workers’ Statute features a dedication from the Government to “review the regulations on special work days” inside a interval of 18 months. These embrace work within the fields or at sea, but additionally transportation, commerce, hospitality or different actions which are often carried out in shifts, with cut up days or at evening. Of course, the restrict of 37.5 hours would proceed to be sacred, regardless that for a lot of of these affected by the longer days it’s seen as an unattainable objective.
The pending processing
Whether it arouses enthusiasm or mistrust, many staff are additionally conscious that the doc agreed upon this week has a protracted and laborious street forward earlier than it comes into drive. Labor plans for the reform to be processed urgently by way of a invoice, which might speed up the standard deadlines. But that won’t stop it from having to be evaluated by the Economic and Social Council, after which go to the Council of Ministers, which is able to ship it to Parliament. The most optimistic calculations recommend that it might take between two and three months earlier than it lands within the Council of Ministers. And then they’d wait three extra months for its processing within the Cortes, the place the Executive has already suffered a number of defeats because of its weak spot within the help to hold out totally different rules.
During this course of, it’s common for modifications to be launched within the textual content by the totally different parliamentary teams, in alternate for his or her favorable vote. And some adjustments might alter substantial points, each in content material and software deadlines. If this legislature is demonstrating something, it’s that aligning all political forces with the present correlation of forces in Congress and the Senate is just not a straightforward process. And exactly the necessity to get hold of help to approve this minimize was the argument of the Minister of Economy, Carlos Body, who advocated this week to make the appliance of the discount extra versatile and delay its validity from 2026 onwards.
The employers’ affiliation is the nice absentee within the pact. It closed the doorways to negotiation regardless of the incentives that Labor placed on the desk to scale back the affect of the measure on SMEs, such because the contribution bonus for brand new contracts that compensate for the discount in working time or direct support price 300 million euros for the digitization of time registration, amongst others. Although this support might now be recovered throughout the parliamentary course of as a bargaining chip to realize the help of some teams such because the PNV or Junts.
Thus, the political ups and downs and the rigidity of some sectors undermine the boldness of many workers in change. The authentic plans of the coalition authorities, whose pact features a dedication to lowering the working day, have been to scale back this to 38.5 hours in 2024 to achieve the promised 37.5 hours in 2025. But an entire yr of negotiations has handed with the employers’ affiliation and it was not till December, when it was already abundantly clear that bringing in businessmen was inconceivable, when Labor put ahead a doc. That is why Marcano, the 22-year-old Venezuelan waiter, sees “too many challenges” for the measure to be efficient. In a sector that he describes as “ultra old-fashioned,” he acknowledges that he typically works many extra hours than his contract signifies, with out adjustments within the 1,350 monthly he receives. The initiative might be nice information for him, however day-to-day life has made him proof against enthusiasm: “I find it very difficult for this to be implemented letter by letter,” he summarizes.
https://elpais.com/economia/2024-12-22/los-que-mas-horas-trabajan-escepticos-con-la-reduccion-de-jornada-no-creo-que-salga-adelante.html